Tungsten-halogen and standard incandescent are the lamps of choice in the growing low-voltage lighting system world Each of the three basic types of light sources incandescent, fluorescent, and HID has its own particular applications and...
According to the National Electrical Code, the number of conductors in a raceway shall not be more than what can be installed or withdrawn without damage to the conductors or to the conductor insulation. This can be achieved by limiting the total...
Ladder logic is the basis of most control functions Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed relay logic. Today most...
Meters are indispensable when working with electrical systems Over the years, a wide variety of electrical meters has been developed to assist with monitoring and troubleshooting electrical systems. Let's take a look at some of the more common...
The first type of motor built is still in widespread use In the late 1800s, several inventors built the first working motors, which used direct current (DC) power. After the invention of the induction motor, alternating current (AC) machines...
Powering industry since replacing the steam engine From tiny hysteresis motors that drive electric clocks to huge synchronous motors that develop more than 50,000 hp, the alternating current (AC) motor has become an indispensable part of everyday...
By raising and lowering voltage levels, transformers make power systems versatile When alternating current (AC) prevailed over direct current (DC) in the late 1800s, one of the deciding factors was the need for voltage levels to be raised and...
Both voltage and current divide in these circuits Electric circuits often consist of several elements, some combined in series and others in parallel. The methods used to analyze series and parallel circuits can be combined to analyze these series...
OSHA 29 CFR 1926 404 (b) (ii) and (iii) define two means of preventing ground fault electrical shocks on jobsites — the provision of ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) and an assured equipment grounding conductor program.
